Fingertip pulse oximeter yakagadzirwa naMillikan muma1940 kuti itarise huwandu hweokisijeni muropa re arterial, chiratidzo chakakosha chekuoma kweCCIDID-19.Yonker ikozvino inotsanangura kuti fingertip pulse oximeter inoshanda sei?
Spectral absorption character of biological tissue: Kana chiedza chikavhenekerwa kune biological tissue, mhedzisiro yebiological tissue pachiedza inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvina, kusanganisira kutora, kuparadzira, kuratidzira uye fluorescence. tishu inonyanya kudzorwa nekutorwa.Kana chiedza chikapinda mune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoonekera (chakasimba, mvura kana gasi), kusimba kwechiedza kunodzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutorwa kwakanangwa kwemamwe ma frequency ezvikamu, kunova kutorwa kwechiedza nezvinhu.Kuti chinhu chinotora chiedza chakawanda sei chinonzi kuzara kwayo kwemaziso, kunonziwo kunwa.
Schematic diagram yekutorwa kwechiedza ne matter mukuita kwese kuparadzikwa kwechiedza, huwandu hwesimba rechiedza rinotorwa nenyaya hunoenderana nezvinhu zvitatu zvinova kusimba kwechiedza, chinhambwe chenzira yechiedza uye huwandu hwezvimedu zvinotora chiedza pa. chikamu chemuchinjikwa wenzira yechiedza.Pachimiro chehomogeneous zvinhu, mwenje nzira nhamba chiedza-chinotora zvimedu pamuchinjiko zvinogona kutorwa sezvimedu zvinotora mwenje pavhoriyamu yeyuniti, zvinoti zvinhu zvekuyamwa mwenje particle concentration, inogona kuwana mutemo we lambert beer: inogona kududzirwa sechinhu chakanyanya uye. Optical nzira kureba pachiyero cheyuniti ye optical density, zvinhu zvekuyamwa mwenje kugona kupindura kune chimiro chechinhu chekukweva mwenje.Nemamwe mazwi, chimiro cheabsorption spectrum curve yechinhu chimwe chakafanana, uye nzvimbo yakakwana ye absorption peak inongochinja nekuda kwekusiyana kwakasiyana, asi nzvimbo yehukama icharamba isina kuchinjika.Mukuita kunyura, kubatwa kwezvinhu zvese kunoitika muhuwandu hwechikamu chimwe chete, uye zvinhu zvinonwisa hazvina hukama kune mumwe nemumwe, uye hapana fluorescent makomisheni aripo, uye hapana chiitiko chekuchinja zvinhu zvepakati nekuda kwe mwaranzi chiedza.Naizvozvo, kune mhinduro ine N absorption components, iyo optical density ndeyekuwedzera.Iyo yekuwedzera ye optical density inopa hwaro hwe theoretical yehuwandu hwekuyerwa kwezvinhu zvinonyudza mumisanganiswa.
Mubiological tissue optics, iyo spectral nharaunda ye600 ~ 1300nm inowanzonzi "hwindo rebiological spectroscopy", uye mwenje mubhendi iri une kukosha kwakakosha kune vakawanda vanozivikanwa uye vasingazivikanwe spectral therapy uye spectral diagnosis.Munharaunda ye infrared, mvura inova chinhu chikuru chinotora mwenje muzvinhu zvipenyu, saka wavelength inotorwa nesystem inofanirwa kudzivirira kunyudzwa kwemvura kuitira kuti iwane zvirinani ruzivo rwekunyudzwa kwechiedza chechinhu chinonangwa.Naizvozvo, mukati mepedyo-infrared spectrum renji ye600-950nm, izvo zvakakosha zvechigunwe chemunhu chigunwe chetishu chine mwenje wekutora simba zvinosanganisira mvura muropa, O2Hb (oxygenated hemoglobin), RHb (yakaderedzwa hemoglobin) uye peripheral ganda melanin uye mamwe matissue.
Nokudaro, tinogona kuwana ruzivo runoshanda rwekugadzirisa kwechikamu kuti kuyerwa munyama kuburikidza nekuongorora dheta rekubudiswa kwemhepo.Saka kana tave neO2Hb neRHb concentrations, tinoziva kuzara kweokisijeni.Oxygen saturation SpO2ipercent yehuwandu hweoxygen-bound oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) muropa sechikamu chesero yehemoglobin inosunga (Hb), kuwanda kweropa reoxygen pulse saka nei ichinzi pulse oximeter?Heino pfungwa itsva: kuyerera kweropa volume pulse wave.Munguva yega yega yekutenderera kwemoyo, kudhonzwa kwemoyo kunokonzera BP kuti ikwire mutsinga dzeropa retsinga yeaortic, iyo inotambanudza madziro etsinga yeropa.Sezvineiwo, diastole yemwoyo inoita kuti BP iwire mutsinga dzeaortic mudzi, izvo zvinoita kuti madziro etsinga yeropa agume.Nekuramba uchidzokororwa kwemoyo wemoyo, kuchinja kunoramba kuripo kweropa mumidziyo yeropa yeaortic midzi ichaendeswa kune yakadzika midziyo yakabatana nayo uye kunyange kune yose arterial system, nokudaro zvichiita kuwedzera kunoramba kuripo uye kuputika kweiyo. yose arterial vascular wall.Kureva kuti kurova kwemoyo nguva nenguva kunogadzira masaisai emutsinga mutsinga inoyerera ichienda mberi ichitevedza madziro etsinga yeropa mukati me arterial system.Nguva imwe neimwe apo mwoyo unowedzera uye zvibvumirano, shanduko yedzvinyiriro mu arterial system inogadzira periodic pulse wave.Iyi ndiyo yatinoti pulse wave.Pulse wave inogona kuratidza ruzivo rwakawanda rwefiziological senge moyo, BP uye kuyerera kweropa, izvo zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekusinga pindike kuona kweakananga ma paramita emuviri wemunhu.
Mumushonga, pulse wave inowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita pressure pulse wave uye volume pulse wave marudzi maviri.Pressure pulse wave inomiririra kufambiswa kweropa, nepo vhoriyamu pulse wave inomiririra shanduko yenguva nenguva mukuyerera kweropa.Kuenzaniswa nepressure pulse wave, volumetric pulse wave ine ruzivo rwakakosha rwemoyo senge tsinga dzeropa uye kuyerera kweropa.Iyo isingasviki yekuona yekuyerera kweropa vhoriyamu pulse wave inogona kuwanikwa nephotoelectric volumetric pulse wave tracing.Iyo chaiyo wave yechiedza inoshandiswa kuvhenekera chikamu chekuyera chemuviri, uye danda rinosvika kune photoelectric sensor mushure mekuratidzira kana kutapurirana.Iyo danda rakagamuchirwa richatakura ruzivo runoshanda rweiyo volumetric pulse wave.Nemhaka yokuti vhoriyamu yeropa inoshanduka nguva nenguva nekuwedzera uye kuputika kwemoyo, apo mwoyo diastole, vhoriyamu yeropa ndiyo duku kudarika, kutorwa kweropa kwechiedza, sensor yakaona chiedza chepamusoro chechiedza;Kana mwoyo uchiita chibvumirano, vhoriyamu yakakwira uye kusimba kwechiedza kunoonekwa ne sensor kwakaderera.Mune iyo isiri-invasive yekuona yeminwe ine kuyerera kweropa vhoriyamu pulse wave seyakananga kuyerwa data, kusarudzwa kwe spectral kuyerwa saiti kunofanirwa kutevedzera zvinotevera misimboti.
1. Mitsipa yemidziyo yeropa inofanira kuva yakawanda, uye chikamu chemashoko anobudirira akadai se hemoglobin uye ICG muhuwandu hwemashoko ezvinyorwa muhuwandu hunofanira kuvandudzwa.
2. Iine maitiro akajeka ekuyerera kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekuchinja kuti unyatsounganidza vhoriyamu pulse wave chiratidzo
3. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwevanhu nekudzokorora kwakanaka uye kugadzikana, maitiro enyama haanyanyi kukanganiswa nekusiyana kwega.
4. Zviri nyore kuita spectral kuonekwa, uye zviri nyore kugamuchirwa nehurukuro, kuitira kuti usadzivisa kupindira kwezvinhu zvakadai sekukurumidza kwemoyo uye kuyerwa kwechinzvimbo chekufamba kunokonzerwa nekushungurudzika manzwiro.
Schematic diagram yekugovera tsinga yeropa muchanza chemunhu Nzvimbo yeruoko haigone kuona pulse wave, saka haina kukodzera kuona kuyerera kweropa volume pulse wave;Iyo wrist iri padhuze neradial artery, iyo pressure pulse wave chiratidzo yakasimba, ganda riri nyore kuburitsa mechanic vibration, rinogona kutungamira kune yekuona chiratidzo mukuwedzera kune vhoriyamu pulse wave inotakurawo ganda rekuratidzira pulse ruzivo, zvakaoma kunyatso. kuratidza maitiro ekushanduka kwehuwandu hweropa, hazvina kukodzera kuyera nzvimbo;Kunyangwe chanza chiri chimwe chezvakajairwa kiriniki yekudhirowa ropa nzvimbo, bhonzo rayo rakakura kupfuura chigunwe, uye iyo pulse wave amplitude yepalm volume inounganidzwa nekupararira kwekuratidzira yakadzikira.Mufananidzo 2-5 unoratidza kugoverwa kwemidziyo yeropa muchanza.Kucherechedza nhamba yacho, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kune akawanda capillary network muchikamu chepamberi chemunwe, iyo inogona kunyatsoratidza hemoglobin iri mumuviri wemunhu.Uyezve, chinzvimbo ichi chine hunhu huri pachena hwekuyerera kweropa shanduko, uye ndiyo yakanakira kuyerwa chinzvimbo chevhoriyamu pulse wave.Iyo tsandanyama nemapfupa ezvigunwe zvigunwe zvakatetepa, saka pesvedzero yeruzivo rwekukanganisa kwemashure idiki.Pamusoro pezvo, chigunwe chemunwe chiri nyore kuyera, uye chinyorwa hachina mutoro wepfungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti uwane yakagadzikana yakakwira chiratidzo-kune-ruzha ratio spectral chiratidzo.Chigunwe chemunhu chine bhonzo, chipikiri, ganda, nyama, venous ropa uye arterial ropa.Mukati mekubatana nechiedza, vhoriyamu yeropa mumunwe peripheral artery inoshanduka nekurova kwemoyo, zvichikonzera shanduko ye optical path measurement.Nepo zvimwe zvikamu zvinogara zviri muhurongwa hwese hwechiedza.
Kana imwe wavelength yechiedza ichiiswa kune epidermis yemunwe, munwe unogona kutorwa semusanganiswa, kusanganisira zvikamu zviviri: static matter (iyo nzira yekuona inogara iripo) uye ine simba nyaya (iyo nzira yekuona inoshanduka nehuwandu hweiyo zvinhu).Kana mwenje uchinge wabatwa neminwe yemunwe, mwenje unopfuudzwa unogamuchirwa nephotodetector.Kusimba kwechiedza chinofambiswa chakaunganidzwa ne sensor zviri pachena kuti chakaderedzwa nekuda kwekubatika kweakasiyana matishu zvikamu zveminwe yemunhu.Zvinoenderana nehunhu uhu, iyo yakaenzana modhi yekunyudza mwenje inotangwa.
Munhu akakodzera:
Fingertip pulse oximeteryakakodzera vanhu vemazera ose, kusanganisira vana, vakuru, vakwegura, varwere vane chirwere chemwoyo, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebral thrombosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvevascular uye varwere vane asthma, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease uye zvimwe zvirwere zvekufema.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-17-2022
