Chinoyera kurova kwemoyo muminwe chakagadzirwa naMillikan muma1940s kuti chiongorore huwandu hweokisijeni muropa retsinga, chiratidzo chakakosha cheCOVID-19.Yonker zvino inotsanangura kuti pulse oximeter inoshanda sei nemunwe?
Hunhu hwe spectral absorption yenyama yemuviri: Kana chiedza chikavhenekerwa nenyama yemuviri, mhedzisiro yenyama yemuviri pachiedza inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina, zvinosanganisira absorption, scattering, reflection uye fluorescence. Kana scattering ikasabviswa, daro iro chiedza chinofamba nenyama yemuviri inonyanya kudzorwa nekunyudzwa. Kana chiedza chikapinda mune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoonekera (zvakasimba, mvura kana gasi), simba rechiedza rinoderera zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunyudzwa kwakanangwa kwezvimwe zvikamu zvefrequency, inova chiitiko chekunyudzwa kwechiedza nezvinhu. Kuti chinhu chinonyudzwa nechiedza chakawanda sei chinonzi optical density yacho, inozivikanwawo seabsorption.
Dhiyagiramu yekuongorora kubatwa kwechiedza nezvinhu mukuita kwese kwekupararira kwechiedza, huwandu hwesimba rechiedza rinotorwa nezvinhu zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvitatu, zvinoti simba rechiedza, daro renzira yechiedza uye huwandu hwezvikamu zvinotora chiedza pachikamu chekuyambuka kwenzira yechiedza. Panyaya yezvinhu zvakafanana, nhamba yenzira yechiedza zvikamu zvinotora chiedza pachikamu chekuyambuka zvinogona kutariswa sezvikamu zvinotora chiedza pachikamu chimwe nechimwe, kureva kuti kubatwa kwechiedza chekudhonza zvinhu, kunogona kuwana mutemo weLambert beer: inogona kududzirwa sehuwandu hwezvinhu uye kureba kwenzira yemaziso pachikamu chimwe nechimwe vhoriyamu ye optical density, kugona kwechiedza chekudhonza zvinhu kupindura kune hunhu hwechiedza chekudhonza zvinhu. Nemamwe mazwi, chimiro che absorption spectrum curve yechinhu chimwe chete chakafanana, uye nzvimbo yakakwana ye absorption peak inongochinja nekuda kwekuwanda kwakasiyana, asi chinzvimbo chehukama chicharamba chisina kuchinja. Mukuita kwekudhonza, kubatwa kwezvinhu zvese kunoitika muhuwandu hwechikamu chimwe chete, uye zvinhu zvinotora hazvinei, uye hapana fluorescent compounds iripo, uye hapana chiitiko chekuchinja hunhu hwepakati nekuda kwemwaranzi yechiedza. Saka, kune mhinduro ine zvikamu zvekunyudzwa kweN, huwandu hweoptical hunowedzera. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweoptical kunopa hwaro hwedzidziso yekuyera huwandu hwezvikamu zvinonyudzwa mumusanganiswa.
Mukuongorora kwezvinyama zvemuviri, nzvimbo yespectral ye600 ~ 1300nm inowanzonzi "hwindo respectroscopy yezvemhuka", uye chiedza chiri mubhendi iri chine kukosha kwakakosha kune akawanda anozivikanwa uye asingazivikanwe ekurapa kwespectral uye kuongororwa kwespectral. Munzvimbo yeinfrared, mvura inova chinhu chinotora chiedza zvakanyanya muzvinyama zvemuviri, saka wavelength inotorwa nesystem inofanira kudzivirira kusvika padanho rekupinza mvura kuitira kuti iwane ruzivo rwekupinza chiedza chechinhu chinotsvakwa. Naizvozvo, mukati menzvimbo ye600-950nm, zvikamu zvikuru zvetishu yemunwe wemunhu ine kugona kupinza chiedza zvinosanganisira mvura muropa, O2Hb (oxygenated hemoglobin), RHb (reduced hemoglobin) uye peripheral skin melanin nedzimwe tishu.
Saka, tinogona kuwana ruzivo rwakanaka rwehuwandu hwechikamu chinofanira kuyerwa munyama nekuongorora data re emission spectrum. Saka kana tine huwandu hweO2Hb neRHb, tinoziva huwandu hweoxygen.Kuzara kweokisijeni SpO2ihuwandu hwehuwandu hwehemoglobin ine oxygen (HbO2) muropa sehuwandu hwehemoglobin inosunga (Hb), huwandu hweropa reoxygen pulse saka nei ichinzi pulse oximeter? Heino pfungwa itsva: huwandu hweropa rinoyerera. Munguva yega yega yemoyo, kumanikidzwa kwemoyo kunoita kuti kumanikidzwa kweropa kukwire mumidziyo yeropa yemudzi weaortic, izvo zvinokudza rusvingo rwemitsipa yeropa. Kusiyana neizvi, diastole yemoyo inoita kuti kumanikidzwa kweropa kuwire mumidziyo yeropa yemudzi weaortic, izvo zvinoita kuti rusvingo rwemitsipa yeropa ruite kutetepa. Nekudzokororwa kwemoyo nguva dzose, kuchinja kweropa mumidziyo yeropa yemudzi weaortic kuchaendeswa kumidziyo iri pasi yakabatana nayo uye kunyange kuhurongwa hwese hwemitsipa, nokudaro zvichigadzira kuwedzera nekutetepa kwemadziro ese emitsipa yeropa. Kureva kuti, kurova kwemoyo nguva nenguva kunogadzira mafungu epulse muaorta anotenderera mberi nemadziro emidziyo yeropa muhurongwa hwemitsipa yese. Nguva yega yega moyo paunokura nekukotama, shanduko yekumanikidzwa muhurongwa hwemitsipa inogadzira mafungu epulse enguva nenguva. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti pulse wave. Pulse wave inogona kuratidza ruzivo rwakawanda rwemuviri rwakadai semwoyo, BP uye kuyerera kweropa, izvo zvinogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuona zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri wemunhu pasina kupindira mumuviri.
Mukurapa, pulse wave inowanzo kamurwa kuita pressure pulse wave uye volume pulse wave mhando mbiri. Pressure pulse wave inonyanya kumirira kutapurirana kweropa, nepo volume pulse wave ichimiririra kuchinja kweropa nguva nenguva. Kana ichienzaniswa ne pressure pulse wave, volumetric pulse wave ine ruzivo rwakakosha rwemwoyo senge tsinga dzeropa dzevanhu uye kufamba kweropa. Kuonekwa kwehuwandu hweropa rinoyerera nenzira isingapindiki kunogona kuwanikwa ne photoelectric volumetric pulse wave tracing. Wave chaiyo yechiedza inoshandiswa kuvhenekera chikamu chekuyerwa kwemuviri, uye danda rinosvika ku photoelectric sensor mushure mekuratidzira kana kutapurirana. Danda rakagamuchirwa richatakura ruzivo rwakakosha rwe volumetric pulse wave. Nekuti huwandu hweropa hunochinja nguva nenguva nekuwedzera nekukotama kwemoyo, kana moyo wava diastole, vhoriyamu yeropa ndiyo diki, kutorwa kweropa kwechiedza, sensor yakaona simba rechiedza rakanyanya; Kana moyo wava kudhonza, vhoriyamu ndiyo yakanyanya uye simba rechiedza rinoonekwa ne sensor ndiro shoma. Mukuona kwezvigunwe zvisina kupinda muropa ne blood flow volume pulse wave se data rekuyera zvakananga, kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekuyera spectral kunofanirwa kutevedzera misimboti inotevera.
1. Mitsipa yeropa inofanira kuwanda, uye huwandu hweruzivo runoshanda senge hemoglobin neICG muruzivo rwese rwuri mu spectrum hunofanira kuvandudzwa.
2. Ine hunhu huri pachena hwekuchinja kwehuwandu hweropa kuti ikwanise kuunganidza zvinobudirira vhoriyamu yeropa
3. Kuti tiwane spectrum yemunhu ine kugona kudzokorora uye kugadzikana kwakanaka, hunhu hwenyama hahunyanyi kukanganiswa nekusiyana kwemunhu.
4. Zviri nyore kuona spectral detection, uye zviri nyore kugamuchirwa nemunhu ari kurwara, kuitira kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakaita sekurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza uye kufamba kwenzvimbo yekuyera kunokonzerwa nemanzwiro ekushushikana.
Dhiyagiramu yekupararira kwetsinga dzeropa muchanza chemunhu Nzvimbo yeruoko haigone kuona mafungu eropa, saka haina kukodzera kuona mafungu eropa; Ruoko rwuri pedyo neradial artery, chiratidzo chepressure pulse wave chakasimba, ganda riri nyore kugadzira kudedera kwemuchina, zvinogona kutungamira kuchiratidzo chekuona pamusoro pemafungu eropa. Mafungu eropa anewo ruzivo rweganda rwekuratidzwa kweganda, zvakaoma kutsanangura nemazvo hunhu hwekuchinja kwehuwandu hweropa, hazvina kukodzera nzvimbo yekuyera; Kunyangwe chanza chiri chimwe chenzvimbo dzakajairika dzekutorwa kweropa, pfupa racho rakakora kupfuura chigunwe, uye amplitude yefungu reropa rechanza inounganidzwa ne diffuse reflection yakaderera. Mufananidzo 2-5 unoratidza kupararira kwetsinga dzeropa muchanza. Kana uchitarisa mufananidzo, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kune ma capillary network akawanda muchikamu chepamberi chemunwe, izvo zvinogona kuratidza zviri nani hemoglobin mumuviri wemunhu. Uyezve, nzvimbo iyi ine hunhu hwakajeka hwekuchinja kwehuwandu hweropa, uye ndiyo nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuyera mafungu eropa. Tsandanyama nemapfupa eminwe zvakatetepa, saka pesvedzero yeruzivo rwekupindira kumashure idiki. Pamusoro pezvo, muromo wemunwe uri nyore kuyera, uye munhu wacho haana mutoro wepfungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti awane chiratidzo chespectral chakasimba chechiratidzo-kune-ruzha. Munwe wemunhu une mapfupa, nzara, ganda, nyama, ropa remutsinga uye ropa remutsinga. Mukushanda kwechiedza, huwandu hweropa mutsinga yeropa yemutsinga inoshanduka nekurova kwemoyo, zvichikonzera shanduko yekuyera nzira yemaziso. Nepo zvimwe zvikamu zvichigara zviripo mukushanda kwechiedza.
Kana chiedza chakati chewavelength chakaiswa paganda remunwe, munwe unogona kuonekwa semusanganiswa, kusanganisira zvikamu zviviri: static matter (nzira ye optical inogara iripo) uye dynamic matter (nzira ye optical inochinja nehukuru hwezvinhu). Kana chiedza chikatorwa ne tissue yemunwe, chiedza chinotumirwa chinogamuchirwa ne photodetector. Simba rechiedza chinotumirwa chinounganidzwa ne sensor rinodzikira nekuda kwekugona kutorwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvenyama zveminwe yemunhu. Zvichienderana nehunhu uhwu, muenzaniso wakafanana wekutorwa kwechiedza cheminwe unosimbiswa.
Munhu akakodzera:
Chinoyera kurova kwemoyo nemunweyakakodzera vanhu vemazera ese, kusanganisira vana, vakuru, vakwegura, varwere vane chirwere chemwoyo, BP, hyperlipidemia, cerebral thrombosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvetsinga dzeropa uye varwere vane asthma, bronchitis, bronchitis isingaperi, chirwere chemwoyo chemapapu nezvimwe zvirwere zvekufema.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-17-2022
